本文是基于ubuntu 12.04配置的邮件服务器，利用postfix提供邮件smtp服务，dovecot提供pop3或imap代理收信服务。使用mysql管理和验证邮件用户。以下操作经本人亲试通过，涉及域名webres.wang的请替换为自己的。
一、安装必要包
- apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql postfix-doc mysql-client mysql-server dovecot-common dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-sql sasl2-bin libpam-mysql openssl telnet mailutils dovecot-mysql
二、设置MySQL数据库
- mysql -u root -p
- mysql> CREATE DATABASE mail;
- mysql> USE mail;
- mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON mail.* TO ‘mail_admin’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password-for-mail_admin’;
- mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON mail.* TO ‘mail_admin’@’127.0.0.1’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password-for-mail_admin’;
- mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
- mysql> CREATE TABLE domains (domain varchar(50) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (domain) );
- mysql> CREATE TABLE forwardings (source varchar(80) NOT NULL, destination TEXT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (source) );
- mysql> CREATE TABLE users (email varchar(80) NOT NULL, password varchar(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (email) );
- mysql> CREATE TABLE transport ( domain varchar(128) NOT NULL default ”, transport varchar(128) NOT NULL default ”, UNIQUE KEY domain (domain) );
- mysql> quit
注：请替换password-for-mail_admin为用户mail_admin的密码，以下出现password-for-mail_admin的也请替换下。
三、配置Postfix使用MySQL
文件：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
- user = mail_admin
- password = password-for-mail_admin
- dbname = mail
- query = SELECT domain AS virtual FROM domains WHERE domain=’%s’
- hosts = 127.0.0.1
文件：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf
- user = mail_admin
- password = password-for-mail_admin
- dbname = mail
- query = SELECT destination FROM forwardings WHERE source=’%s’
- hosts = 127.0.0.1
文件：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
- user = mail_admin
- password = password-for-mail_admin
- dbname = mail
- query = SELECT CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,’@’,-1),’/’,SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,’@’,1),’/’) FROM users WHERE email=’%s’
- hosts = 127.0.0.1
文件：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
- user = mail_admin
- password = password-for-mail_admin
- dbname = mail
- query = SELECT email FROM users WHERE email=’%s’
- hosts = 127.0.0.1
设置权限：
- chmod o= /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_*.cf
- chgrp postfix /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_*.cf
建立用户：
- groupadd -g 5000 vmail
- useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /home/vmail -m
配置postfix:
- postconf -e ‘myhostname = webres.wang’
- postconf -e ‘mydestination = webres.wang, localhost, localhost.localdomain’
- postconf -e ‘mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8’
- postconf -e ‘message_size_limit = 30720000’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_alias_domains =’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_uid_maps = static:5000’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_gid_maps = static:5000’
- postconf -e ‘smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes’
- postconf -e ‘broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes’
- postconf -e ‘smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes’
- postconf -e ‘smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination’
- postconf -e ‘smtpd_use_tls = yes’
- postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert’
- postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key’
- postconf -e ‘proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps’
- postconf -e ‘virtual_transport = dovecot’
- postconf -e ‘local_transport = dovecot’
四、为postfix创建证书：
- cd /etc/postfix
- openssl req -new -outform PEM -out smtpd.cert -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout smtpd.key -keyform PEM -days 365 -x509
更改证书权限：
- chmod o= /etc/postfix/smtpd.key
五、配置saslauthd
- mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd
- cp -a /etc/default/saslauthd /etc/default/saslauthd.bak
编辑文件：/etc/default/saslauthd，按以下内容修改：
- START=yes
- DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon"
- NAME="saslauthd"
- MECHANISMS="pam"
- MECH_OPTIONS=""
- THREADS=5
- OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r"
文件：/etc/pam.d/smtp
- auth required pam_mysql.so user=mail_admin passwd=password-for-mail_admin host=127.0.0.1 db=mail table=users usercolumn=email passwdcolumn=password crypt=1
- account sufficient pam_mysql.so user=mail_admin passwd=password-for-mail_admin host=127.0.0.1 db=mail table=users usercolumn=email passwdcolumn=password crypt=1
文件：/etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf
- pwcheck_method: saslauthd
- mech_list: plain login
- allow_plaintext: true
- auxprop_plugin: sql
- sql_engine: mysql
- sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1
- sql_user: mail_admin
- sql_passwd: password-for-mail_admin
- sql_database: mail
- sql_select: select password from users where email = ‘%u@%r’
设置权限：
- chmod o= /etc/pam.d/smtp
- chmod o= /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf
重启服务：
- adduser postfix sasl
- service postfix restart
- service saslauthd restart
六、配置Dovecot
文件：/etc/postfix/master.cf，按如下修改
取消submission配置的注释：
- #submission inet n – – – – smtpd
- # -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
- # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
- # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
- # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
- # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
- 改为
- submission inet n – – – – smtpd
- -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
- -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
- -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
- -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
- -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
文件尾增加：
- dovecot unix – n n – – pipe
- flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}
- cp -a /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf.bak
清空文件/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf，加入如下：
- log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S "
- mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir
- namespace {
- inbox = yes
- location =
- prefix = INBOX.
- separator = .
- type = private
- }
- passdb {
- args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
- driver = sql
- }
- protocols = imap pop3
- disable_plaintext_auth = no
- auth_mechanisms = plain login
- service auth {
- unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
- group = postfix
- mode = 0660
- user = postfix
- }
- unix_listener auth-master {
- mode = 0600
- user = vmail
- }
- user = root
- }
- ssl = required
- ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem
- ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem
- userdb {
- args = uid=5000 gid=5000 home=/home/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes
- driver = static
- }
- protocol lda {
- auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master
- log_path = /home/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log
- postmaster_address = [email protected]
- }
- protocol pop3 {
- pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv
- }
- cp -a /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.bak
文件：/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
- driver = mysql
- connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=mail user=mail_admin password=password-for-mail_admin
- default_pass_scheme = CRYPT
- password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM users WHERE email=’%u’;
- service dovecot restart
- chgrp vmail /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
- chmod g+r /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
七、设置Mail Aliases
文件/etc/aliases
- postmaster: root
- root: [email protected]
八、测试
- mysql -u root -p
- USE mail;
- INSERT INTO domains (domain) VALUES (‘webres.wang’);
- INSERT INTO users (email, password) VALUES (‘[email protected]’, ENCRYPT(‘password-for-sales’));
- quit
这里添加了一个[email protected]的用户，密码为password-for-sales
最后，可以使用邮件客户端，如foxmail进行收信和发信的测试。